Відносна депривація як чинник штурму будівлі Капітолію США 6 січня 2021 року
Ключові слова:
протест, протестний рух, політичне насилля, колективна поведінка, відносна депривація, ЗМІ, популізм, громадянське суспільство, політична поляризація, Капітолій США, CHAZ, Республіканська партія, Демократична партія, BLM, Антифа, Proud Boys, Oath Keepers, Джордж Флойд, Дональд Трамп, Камала Гарріс, Тім Волз, демократія, США
Анотація
Метою статті є визначити відносну депривацію як чинник штурму будівлі Капітолію США 6 січня 2021 року. Актуальність дослідження пов'язана з необхідністю встановити як впливає феномен відносної депривації на поведінку людей під час проведення протестних акцій в США. В результаті дослідження було встановлено зв'язок між насильницькими протестами в 2020 році та штурмом будівлі Капітолію 6 січня 2021 року. В статті наведено дані соціологічних опитувань, які демонструють зміну поглядів республіканських виборців на застосування політичного насилля. До протестів 2020 року майже абсолютна більшість республіканців засуджували насилля. Після насильницьких протестів, пов'язаних із смертю Джорджа Флойда, республіканці почали ставитися до застосування насилля більш толерантно. Було виявлено, що більшість мітингарів, які увірвалися в будівлю Капітолію 6 січня, раніше були законослухняними громадянами, які не перебували в радикальних чи парамілітаризованих рухах. У висновках встановлено, що відносна депривація була вагомим чинником, який спонукав прихильників Дональда Трампа спробувати увійти до будівлі Капітолію 6 січня. Ця депривація була викликана відсутністю рішучого публічного засудження насильницьких протестів влітку 2020 року. Виправдання політиками від Демократичної партії США захоплення адміністративних будівель в Сіетлі та Портленді протестувальниками BLM та «Антифа», спонукала появі відносної депривації у прихильників Республіканської партії. Саме тому велика кількість мітингарів, які проривалися в будівлю Капітолію, не усвідомлювали, що це незаконно та суперечить основним нормам демократичної політичної культури. Тому для уникнення подальшого зростання політичного насилля в США обидві провідні партії мають визнати свою провину за зростання поляризації та насилля в суспільстві. Відсутність цього, може призвести до нової хвилі політичного насилля у Сполучених Штатах. Замах на кандидата у президента Дональда Трампа 14 липня 2024 року є вже першою ознакою цієї небезпеки.Завантаження
Дані завантаження ще не доступні.
Посилання
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Businesses, government buildings close across Puget Sound region ahead of more planned protests. (2020). Fox 13 Seattle. Retrieved from https://www.fox13seattle.com/news/businesses-government-buildings-close-across-puget-sound-region-ahead-of-more-planned-protests
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Darcy, O. (2020). Right-wing media says Antifa militants have seized part of Seattle. Local authorities say otherwise. CNN. Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/11/media/seattle-antifa-protest-trump/index.html
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Hermann, P. & Zauzmer, J. (2021). Beaten, sprayed with mace and hit with stun guns: police describe injuries to dozens of officers during assault on U.S. Capitol. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/police-capitol-injuires-trump/2021/01/11/ca68e3e2-5438-11eb-a08b-f1381ef3d207_story.html
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Jackson, J. (2021). More Than 1,500 Minnesota Businesses Damaged in George Floyd Protests, Expect to Take Years to Rebuild. Newsweek. Retrieved from https://www.newsweek.com/businesses-year-after-floyd-1596610
Jimenez, E., & Raftery, I. (2020). They gave us East Precinct.' Seattle Police backs away from the barricade. KUOW. Retrieved from https://www.kuow.org/stories/they-gave-us-east-precinct-seattle-police-backs-away-from-the-barricade
Kalmoe, N.P., & Mason, L. (2020). Most Americans Reject Partisan Violence, But There Is Still Cause for Concern. Democracy Fund Voter Study Group. Retrieved from https://www.voterstudygroup.org/blog/has-american-partisanship-gone-too-far
Kaminsky, G. (2024). Kamala Harris-backed bail fund that freed violent criminals back in spotlight. Washington Examiner. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/3093548/kamala-harris-backed-bail-fund-freed-violent-criminals-back-in-spotlight/
Kerik, B. (2020). Democrats desperately push the ‘peaceful protesters’ delusion. The Hill. Retrieved from https://thehill.com/opinion/criminal-justice/513063-democrats-desperately-push-the-peaceful-protesters-delusion/
Khavin, D., Willis, H., Cooper, S., Reneau, N., Jordan, D., Engelbrecht, C., Hill, E., Triebert, C., Browne, M., & Botti, D. (2021). Day of Rage: How Trump Supporters Took the U.S. Capitol | Visual Investigations. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/politics/100000007606996/capitol-riot-trump-supporters.html
Kiley, B., Blethen, R., Brownstone, S., & Beekman, D. (2020). Seattle cops dismantle ‘occupied’ zone, arrest more than 30. The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved from https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2020/jul/01/seattle-cops-start-clearing-occupied-zone-make-arr/
Kunkle, F., Svrluga, S., & Jouvenal, J. (2020). Police thwart attempt by protesters to topple statue of Andrew Jackson near White House. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/dc-police-and-protesters-square-off-near-white-house/2020/06/22/cec8c88c-b4c7-11ea-a510-55bf26485c93_story.html
Kydd, A. H. (2021). Decline, radicalization and the attack on the US Capitol. Violence: An International Journal, 2(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/26330024211010043
Madsen, S.L. (2020). Sue Lani Madsen: Silence on occupied Seattle area is consent to political violence. The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved from https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2020/jun/18/sue-lani-madsen-silence-on-occupied-seattle-area-i/
Nacos, B.L., Bloch-Elkon, Y., & Shapiro, R.Y. (2024). Hate Speech and Political Violence: Far-Right Rhetoric from the Tea Party to the Insurrection. Columbia University Press
Nava, V. (2024). Harris VP pick Tim Walz ‘failed to act’ as BLM rioters burned Minneapolis in 2020, state Senate panel found. New York Post. Retrieved from https://nypost.com/2024/08/06/us-news/tim-walz-failed-to-act-as-blm-rioters-burned-minneapolis-in-2020-state-senate/
Palma, B. (2021). Did Rudy Giuliani Call for 'Trial By Combat' Before Trump Mob Broke Into Capitol? Snopes. Retrieved from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/giuliani-rally-speech/
Pape R. A., & Ruby K. (2021). The Capitol Rioters Aren't Like Other Extremists. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/02/the-capitol-rioters-arent-like-other-extremists/617895/
Pettigrew, T. F. 2015. Samuel Stouffer and Relative Deprivation. Social Psychology Quarterly, 78(1), DOI:10.1177/0190272514566793
Powell, M. (2020). Portland business owners frustrated over indiscriminate vandalism. Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved from https://www.opb.org/article/2020/11/05/property-damage-downtown-portland-small-business/
Rioters set Minneapolis police precinct on fire as protests reignite over George Floyd's death. (2020). KMSP-TV. Retrieved from https://www.fox9.com/news/rioters-set-minneapolis-police-precinct-on-fire-as-protests-reignite-over-george-floyds-death
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Опубліковано
2024-08-30
Як цитувати
Скрипченко, І. (2024). Відносна депривація як чинник штурму будівлі Капітолію США 6 січня 2021 року. Науково-теоретичний альманах Грані, 27(4), 98-108. https://doi.org/10.15421/172481
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