Механізм спільної міграційної політики ЄС: еволюція та складові
Ключові слова:
міграція, міграційна політика, спільна міграційна політика ЄС, імміграційна політика, механізм міграційної політики, мігранти, біженці
Анотація
Мета – дослідити механізм спільної міграційної політики ЄС та визначити його складові. Актуальність. Виникнення та розвиток міграційної політики ЄС обумовлені інтеграційними процесами в регіоні та факторами глобалізації, яка поступово розширює кордони, інтегрує світ в єдине ціле. Лише комплексний механізм спільної міграційної політики здатний сприяти інтеграції мігрантів та нівелюванню негативних наслідків значних потоків мігрантів. Результати. Досліджено становлення та сучасну структуру механізму реалізації міграційної політики ЄС, визначені основні підходи, що застосовуються країнами-членами ЄС та самим союзом. З’ясовано чинники, що впливають на розвиток міграційної політики. Визначено, що міграційна політика ЄС розвивалась під впливом різних факторів головними з яких були економічна криза, політична та демографічна нестабільність, розширення Європи. Висновки. Обґрунтовано, що механізм міграційної політики ЄС включає чотири складові: інститути, політико-правові акти, інформаційне забезпечення, а також економіко-організаційну складову. На основі аналізу політико-правових актів визначено еволюцію інституційної та інформаційної складових механізму міграційної політики. Встановлено, що була створена важлива для міграційної політики ЄС Візова інформаційна система, запроваджена у 2008 році та Європейська система авторизації і інформації про подорожі (ETIAS), яка має почати працювати з 2024 року. Обґрунтовано, що тільки злагоджена робота всіх елементів механізму міграційної політики дозволить ЄС вчасно реагувати та виклики та налагодити ефективну реалізацію такої політики, особливо в умовах міграційного розколу 2023 року.Завантаження
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Посилання
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COM(2001)387 final. (2001). Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on an open method of coordination for the Community Immigration Policy. Brussels.
COM(2005) 669 final. (2005). Communication from the Commission – Policy Plan on Legal Migration. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52005DC0669
COM(2010) 171 final. (2010). Delivering an area of freedom, security and justice for Europeʼs citizens. Action Plan Implementing the Stockholm Programme: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and Committee of the Regions. Brussels.
COM(2020) 609 final. (2020). Communication from the commission on a New Pact on Migration and Asylum. Brussels. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0609
Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof. (2001). EN – EUR-Lex. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32001L0055&qid=1648223587338
Council Directive 2003/86/EC of 22 September 2003 on the right to family reunification. (2003). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32003L0086
Council Directive 2004/114/EC of 13 december 2004 on the conditions of admission of third-country nationals for the purposes of studies, pupil exchange, unremunerated training or voluntary service. (2004). Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004:375:0012:0018:EN:PDF
Council Directive 2004/82/EC on obligations of carriers to report passenger data. (2004, April 29). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/984_008-04#Text
Council Directive 2005/71/EC of 12 October 2005 on a specifi c procedure for admitting third-country nationals for the purposes of scientifi c research. (2005). Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2005:289:0015:0022:EN:PDF
Council of the European Union, European Pact on Immigration and Asylum. (2008). Retrieved from http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/08/st13/st13440.en08.pdf
Davies, G. (2020). Does evidence-based EU law survive the covid-19 pandemic? Considering the status in EU law of lockdown measures which affect free movement. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 3.
Directive 2008/115/EC on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals. (2008). Retrieved from http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:348:0098:0107:EN
Directive 2011/98/EU of the European Parliament and of the Coucil of 13 December 2011 on a single application procedure for a single permit for thirdcountry nationals to reside and work in the territory of a Member State and on a common set of rights for third-country workers legally residing in a Member State. (2011). Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:343:0001:0009:EN:PDF
Dvornichenko, D. Yu. (2015). Institutional and legal protection of the external borders of the European Union. Migration policy of the EU: state, challenges and prospects: a scientific and practical symposium, dedicated. On the 15th anniversary of the international Migrant Day and the 25th anniversary of the International convention on the protection of the rights of all migrant workers and their families, (p. 79-82). Odesa: Phoenix.
Ellyatt, H. (2020, September 16). Saving Lives at Sea is not optional: EU Chief Calls for Unity amid Warnings Migration Crisis is not over. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/16/eu-migration-crisis-ursula-von-der-leyen-calls-for-unity.html
EU Action on Migratory Pressures – A Strategic Response. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.statewatch.org/news/2012/apr/eu-council-actuion-plan-migratory-pressure-8714-rev1-12.pdf
Filippova, V., Lopushynskyi, I., & Plyusch, R. (2022). Consequences of the modern migration policy of the European Union. Migration & Law, 2(1-2). P. 26-40.
Genc, H., & Şirin, N. (2019). Why not Activated? The Temporary Protection Directive and the Mystery of Temporary Protection in the European Union. International Journal of Political Science & Urban Studies, 7(1), 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14782/ipsus.539105
Justice and home affairs (JHA). (2023). Council of the European Union. Retrieved from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/policies/councilconfigurations/justice-et-affaires-interieures-(jai)?lang=en
Krasivskyi, D. (2020). Migration processes in Ukraine: a threat to national security or a prospect for regional development. Scientific notes of the Institute of Political and Ethnonational Studies named after I.F. Kurasa of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 3-4(99-100), 374-384.
List of Committees. (2023). European Parliament. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/about/list-of-committees
Malinovska, O. (2022). Temporary protection: origin, evolution, essence. Migration & Law, 2(5-6), 5-30.
Malinovska, O. A. (2014). Migration policy of the European Union: challenges and lessons for Ukraine. Kyiv: NISD.
Nikiforenko, V., & Nguyen, A. (2021). International cooperation as a tool of migration management. Migration & Law, 1(2), 5-18.
Osnach, O. (2021). Changes in the migration policy of the European Union (2015–2020): an analysis of some consequences. Migration & Law, 1(2), 68-88.
Rovenchak, O. (2006). Types and stages of international migration: a historical and sociological review. Social technologies, 29, 288-300. Retrieved from https://clio.lnu.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/8.pdf
Sarakutsa, M. O., & Pilyuk, S. V. (2020). Legal regulation of the fight against illegal migration in the EU in modern conditions. Almanac of International Law, 23, 37-45. Retrieved from http://inlawalmanac.mgu.od.ua/v23/7.pdf
Savino, M., & Gatta, F. L. (2022). On the Brink of a New Refugee Crisis. Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17176/20220311-001246-0
Schengen information system of the second generation. SIS base. (2012). Poland for travelers. Retrieved from http://ostarbeiter.vn.ua/schengen-information-system.html
Statistics on migration to Europe. (2022). Retrieved from https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/promoting-our-european-way-life/statistics-migration-europe_en
Strategic Vision Setting a Course for IOM. (2020). IOM Publications Platform. Retrieved from https://publications.iom.int/books/strategic-vision-setting-course-iom
Tampere European Council 15-16.10.1999. (1999). Conclusions of the Presidency. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/tam_en.htm
Theoharides, C. (2020). The unintended consequences of migration policy on origin-country labor market decisions. Journal of Development Economics, 142, 102271. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.07.012
Tolstov, S., & Ovramets, M. (2015). Mediterranean Assault: Migration Crisis in the European Union. Foreign affairs, 9, 6-11. Retrieved from https://uaforeignaffairs.com/uk/journal-item/78
Vidyakina, M. M. (2009). Transformation of the migration policy of Western European countries in the conditions of EU enlargement. (Abstract of the dissertation of the candidate of economic sciences: spec. 08.00.02). Kyiv National University named after Taras Shevchenko. Kyiv.
Vinokurov, Ya. (2023, January 10). Ukrainian migrants are boosting the European economy. What will happen to Ukraine without them? Retrieved from https://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2023/01/10/695807/
Vodiany, A. (2021, December 9). The EU decided to create the European Asylum Agency. Retrieved from https://lb.ua/world/2021/12/09/500566_ies_virishiv_stvoriti_ievropeyske.html
What is the New Pact on Migration and Asylum of the EU? (2023). Migration and Home Affairs. Retrieved from https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/new-pact-migration-and-asylum_en
Yatsenko, T. (2010). Modern trends of legal labor migration to the territory of the EU and their legal regulation. Current problems of international relations, 88(I), 140-141.
Yerokhin, S., & Negovska, Yu. (2022). The influence of migration processes on the economic security of the state. Migration & Law, 2(3-4), 5-10.
Zhelikhovskyi, S. (2023). The migration split of the EU: what will be the consequences of the new rapprochement between Poland and Hungary. 07/17/2023. Retrieved from https://www.eurointegration.com.ua/articles/2023/07/17/7165897/
Опубліковано
2023-08-31
Як цитувати
Костенко, В. (2023). Механізм спільної міграційної політики ЄС: еволюція та складові. Науково-теоретичний альманах Грані, 26(4), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.15421/172372
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