Україна в умовах розгортання світової енергетичної кризи на початку 2020-х рр.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15421/172269Ключові слова:
виклик, енергетика, блекаут, війна, незламністьАнотація
Одним з найбільших викликів, з яким зіткнулися світ і Україна після Другої світової війни, стала енергетична криза, що почалася у 2021 р. і триває донині. Вона зумовила необхідність концентрації усіх зусиль з боку влади і всього суспільства, переоцінки багатьох цінностей, відмови від багатьох зручностей, які, як здавалося, будуть вічними. З позицій історизму і об'єктивності, в роботі розглянуті причини і наслідки світової енергетичної кризи як для світу, так і для України. Для України ці випробування стали особливо важкими, адже вони співпали ще з одним викликом – російською агресію і війною, втратою великої території, яка в попередні роки давала країні більшу частку енергетичних ресурсів. Матеріали статті свідчать, що і українська влада, і українське суспільство загалом достойно реагували на обидва виклики. Попри допущені помилки, прорахунки, відсутність належного досвіду, влада зуміла втримати ситуацію під контролем, забезпечити людей принаймні елементарними зручностями. Зі свого боку, переважна більшість українців стійко й мужньо переносили всі труднощі, іноді ведучи боротьбу за виживання в умовах, коли в їхніх домівках годинами могло одночасно не бути світла, тепла, води, зв'язку. Тому, крім аналізу причин і наслідків енергетичної кризи в світі та Україні, в даній роботі йдеться й про деякі особливості повсякденного життя людей в умовах кризи, для чого використовуються такі методи історичного дослідження, як порівняльний і художньо-описовий, без якого неможливо передати суспільно-психологічну атмосферу певного часу, що є надзавданням для історика.Завантаження
Дані завантаження ще не доступні.
Посилання
Akimov, A., & Maksymovych, B. (2022). How to Restore Oil Refining in Ukraine. Retrieved from zn.ua/ukr/economic-security/jak-vidnoviti-naftopererobku-v-ukrajini.html
Burda, V. (2022). More than 90% of Ukrainians Believe in Victory and Approve the Actions of the Armed Forces and Zelensky. Retrieved from https://chas.news/news/bilshe-90-ukraintsiv-viryat-v-peremogu-ta-shvalyuyut-dii-zsu-i-zelenskogo-opituvannyahttps://chas.news/news/bilshe-90-ukraintsiv-viryat-v-peremogu-ta-shvalyuyut-dii-zsu-i-zelenskogo-opituvannya
Capital Outflow from the EU. (2022). Retrieved from https://aussiedlerbote.de/2022/09/ottok-kapitala-iz-es/
Chapman, B. (2021). Energe Billsset to Rise by £400 for Millions of Households in the Spring as Gas Price Soars to Record Hign. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/energy-bills-gas-price-increase-b1933460.html
Chernovol, K. (2022). Energy crisis in Ukraine: Danilov named an effective solution. https://www.unian.ua/economics/energetics/energetichna-kriza-v-ukrajini-danilov-nazvav-efektivne-rishennya-12060153.html
DeCambre Mark. (2021). Energy Crisis. What Experts are World Faces Historic Energy-Price Crunch. Retrieved from https://marketwatch.com/story/energy-crisis-saing-as-world-faces-historic-energy-price-crunch-11634161109
Energy consumption by source. (2021). Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/energy-consumption-by-source-and-region
Global Energy Crisis Shows Fragity of Clean-Power Era. (2021). Retrieved from https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/global-energy-crisis-shows-fragility-of-clean-power-era-1
Hancock, S. (2021, October 7). UK Energy Crisis: Bills my Soar 30% in 2022, as Ofgem Warns More Firms will Collapse as Prices Spiral. Retrieved from https://independent.co.uk/news/busines/news/uk-tntrgy-crisis-2021-princts-b1934023.html
Honcharov, A. (2022). No Matter What the Current Government Puts on it, There Will be Zero. Retrieved from https://strana.today/opinions/363661-na-chto-ni-postavit-dejstvujushchja-vlast-vse-ravno-vypadaet-zero.html
Kovalenko, O. (2022). Europe's Gas Crisis is Delayed - The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.unian.ua/economics/energetics/gazova-kriza-v-yevropi-otrimala-vidstrochku-the-washington-post-12026688.html
Kuznetsova, K. (2022). Blackout in Ukraine: How an Indomitable People is Struggling during a Blackout. Retrieved from https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/blekaut-v-ukrayini-yak-nezlamniy-narod-vikruchuyetsya-pid-chas-vidklyuchennya-svitla-krutyat-farsh-ta-sushat-volossya-u-magazinah-2217553.html
Lutsenko, Ye. (2022). During the Two Months of the War, Russia Earned 62 Billion Euros from the Sale of Gas and Coal to Countries, most of the Funds from EU Countries. Retrieved from https://hromadske.ua/posts/za-dva-missyaci-vijni-rosiya-zarobila-euro62-mlrd-vid-prodazhu-gazu-ta-vugilya-krayinam-bilshist-koshtiv-vid-krayin-yes
Maskalevych, Y. (2022, January 17). About the Shortage of Gas and Common Sense. Dzerkalo tyzhnia. Retrieved from https://zn.ua/economic-security/o-defitsite-haza-deneh-i-zdravoho-smysla.html
Matusek, T. (2022). Diversification as the Key to Energy Security. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/uk/komentar-diversifikacia-ak-kluc-do-energeticnoi-bezpeki/a-63481775
Matviishyna, H. (2022). Rating of the Greatest Ukrainians of all Time: a Sociologist Told How the Survey Was Conducted. Retrieved from https://suspilne.media/296244-rejting-najvidatnisih-ukrainciv-usih-casiv-sociolog-rozpoviv-ak-provodili-opituvanna/
Memorandum on not increasing tariffs. (2021). Retrieved from https://president.gov.ua/news/tarifi-ne-zrostatimut-popri-bud-yaki-rinkovi-kolivannya-prez-708861
Mykhailovska, S. (2022). Energy Challenges of Winter - What to Expect for Ukraine and the EU. Retrieved from https://biz.nv.ua/ukr/experts/ataki-rosiji-na-infrastrukturu-chi-bude-elektroenergiya-v-ukrajini-vzimku-ta-do-chogo-gotuvatis-yes-50277994.html
Omelchenko, V. (2022a). Basic Causes of the Energy Crisis in the OZP 2021-2022. Retrieved from https://razumkov.org.ua/uploads/other/20211124.pdf
Omelchenko, V. (2022b). Test for the Survival of Energy Industry of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://razumkov.org.ua/komentari/test-na-vyzhyvannya-energetyky-ukrayiny
Omelchenko, V. (2022c). Attracting Large-Scale Investments in the Reconstruction of the Energy Infrastructure will be Impossible without Overcoming the Discrimination of RES in the Ukrainian Market. Retrieved from https://razumkov.org.ua/komentari/zaluchennia-masshtabnykh-investytsii-v-rekonstruktsiiu-energetychnoi-infrastruktury-bude-nemozhlyvym-bez-podolannia-dyskryminatsii-vde-na-rynku -ukrain
Orel, I. (2022, May 14). Shortage of Gasoline, Collapse of the Energy Market and Stoppage of Transit of Russian Gas. How to Fix all This? Interview of Minister of Energy Herman Galushchenko. Retrieved from https://forbes.ua/inside/defitsit-benzinu-obval-tnergorinku-ta-zupinka
Parable of King Solomon's Ring. (2019). Retrieved from https://pritcha.com.ua/pritcha-persten-carya-solomona/
Pryshchepa, Ya. (2022). European Countries will Allocate at Least 375 Euros to Overcome the Energy Crisis – Bloomberg. Retrieved from https://suspilne.media/279080-evropejski-kraini-vidilat-sonajmense-375-mlrd-na-podolanna-energeticnoi-krizi-bloomberg/
Queues at Gas Stations and Gasoline at 60 Hryvnias: When will the Shortage End. (2022, May 10). Retrieved from https://epravda.com.ua/publications/2022/05/10/686859
Rankin, J., Milman O., & Ni, V. (2021). Global Energy Crisis: How Key Countries Are Responding. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/oct/12/global-energy-crisis-how-key-countries-are-responding
Solonyna, Ye. (2021). The Coal "Pit": How Ukraine will Overcome the Energy Crisis and Why DTEK, Russia and Imports from Belarus are Involved. Retrieved from https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/vugillya-kryza-tes-aes-dtek-bilorus-rossiya-import/31602912.html
The debt of Ukrainians for the "Communal Company" is More than UAH 64 Billion: the Debtor Regions are Named. (2021). Retrieved from https://apnews.com.ua/news/borg-ukrainciv-za-romunalku-stanovit-ponad-64-mlrd-grn-nazvano-regioni-borzhniki/
The energy crisis in Ukraine will lead to a catastrophe – Bohdan. (2021, November 15). Retrieved from https://prm.ua/enerhetychna-kryza-v-ukraini-pryzvede-do-katastrofy-bohdan/
The Ombudsman Told How Many Ukrainians Have Gone Abroad since February 24. (2022). Retrieved from https://www.slovoidilo.ua/2022/12/01/novyna/polityka/ombudsmen-rozpoviv-skilkyukrayincziv-vyyixalo-kordon- 24-lyutoho
Tkachuk, B. (2021). The Price of Gas in Europe Again Breaks Records: it Reached More Than $2,000 per Thousand Cubic Meters. Retrieved from https://hromadske.ua/posts/cina-gazu-u-yevropi-znovu-bye-istorichni-rekordi-syagnula-ponad-dollar2000-za-tisyachu-kubometriv
Tymoshenko Announced a full-scale Energy Crisis in Ukraine. (2021). Retrieved from https://bview/timoshenko-elta.by/world/view/timoshenko-zajavila-o-polnomasshtabnom-energeticheskom-krizise-v-ukraine-465211-2021/
Vedernikova, I. (2021). About Failure in State Administration, War with Oligarchs and Options for Exiting the Provoked Economic and Political Crisis. Dzerkalo tyzhnia, 21, ХІІ. Retrieved from https://zn.ua/ukr/internal/volodimir-hrojsman-mi-tilki-na-starti-krizi.html
Volter, K. (2021, December 15). The Price of Gas in Europe Soared to 1,560 Dollars per Thousand Cubic Meters. Retrieved from https://strana.best/news/367131-tsena-na-haz-v-evrope-vyrosla-do-1560-dollarov-za-tysjachu-kubometrov.html?fbclid=IwAR2keGagO5sJEpnDzInBZnKvvg 15FI0ob7Qi3B_RqOO4hsFGPgq8cMDQlIo
What Problems await Ukraine in the Winter due to the Russian Attack on the Energy System and How They can be Avoided - Atlantic Council Expert. (2022). Retrieved from https://zn.ua/ukr/UKRAINE/atakami-na-enerhetichnu-infrastrukturu-putin-khoche-zamoroziti-ukrajinu-ta-zmusiti-jiji-zdatisja.html
What Problems await Ukraine in the Winter due to the Russian Attack on the Energy System and How They can be Avoided - Atlantic Council Expert. (2022). Retrieved from https://zn.ua/ukr/UKRAINE/atakami-na-enerhetichnu-infrastrukturu-putin-khoche-zamoroziti-ukrajinu-ta-zmusiti-jiji-zdatisja.html
World Energy Consumption Statistics. (2021). Retrieved from yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html
Yvzhenko, T. (2021, October 24). The Opposition in Kyiv Talks about the Energy Crisis in Ukraine. Retrieved from ng.ru/cis/2021-10-24/5_8285_ukraine.html
Burda, V. (2022). More than 90% of Ukrainians Believe in Victory and Approve the Actions of the Armed Forces and Zelensky. Retrieved from https://chas.news/news/bilshe-90-ukraintsiv-viryat-v-peremogu-ta-shvalyuyut-dii-zsu-i-zelenskogo-opituvannyahttps://chas.news/news/bilshe-90-ukraintsiv-viryat-v-peremogu-ta-shvalyuyut-dii-zsu-i-zelenskogo-opituvannya
Capital Outflow from the EU. (2022). Retrieved from https://aussiedlerbote.de/2022/09/ottok-kapitala-iz-es/
Chapman, B. (2021). Energe Billsset to Rise by £400 for Millions of Households in the Spring as Gas Price Soars to Record Hign. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/energy-bills-gas-price-increase-b1933460.html
Chernovol, K. (2022). Energy crisis in Ukraine: Danilov named an effective solution. https://www.unian.ua/economics/energetics/energetichna-kriza-v-ukrajini-danilov-nazvav-efektivne-rishennya-12060153.html
DeCambre Mark. (2021). Energy Crisis. What Experts are World Faces Historic Energy-Price Crunch. Retrieved from https://marketwatch.com/story/energy-crisis-saing-as-world-faces-historic-energy-price-crunch-11634161109
Energy consumption by source. (2021). Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/energy-consumption-by-source-and-region
Global Energy Crisis Shows Fragity of Clean-Power Era. (2021). Retrieved from https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/global-energy-crisis-shows-fragility-of-clean-power-era-1
Hancock, S. (2021, October 7). UK Energy Crisis: Bills my Soar 30% in 2022, as Ofgem Warns More Firms will Collapse as Prices Spiral. Retrieved from https://independent.co.uk/news/busines/news/uk-tntrgy-crisis-2021-princts-b1934023.html
Honcharov, A. (2022). No Matter What the Current Government Puts on it, There Will be Zero. Retrieved from https://strana.today/opinions/363661-na-chto-ni-postavit-dejstvujushchja-vlast-vse-ravno-vypadaet-zero.html
Kovalenko, O. (2022). Europe's Gas Crisis is Delayed - The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.unian.ua/economics/energetics/gazova-kriza-v-yevropi-otrimala-vidstrochku-the-washington-post-12026688.html
Kuznetsova, K. (2022). Blackout in Ukraine: How an Indomitable People is Struggling during a Blackout. Retrieved from https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/blekaut-v-ukrayini-yak-nezlamniy-narod-vikruchuyetsya-pid-chas-vidklyuchennya-svitla-krutyat-farsh-ta-sushat-volossya-u-magazinah-2217553.html
Lutsenko, Ye. (2022). During the Two Months of the War, Russia Earned 62 Billion Euros from the Sale of Gas and Coal to Countries, most of the Funds from EU Countries. Retrieved from https://hromadske.ua/posts/za-dva-missyaci-vijni-rosiya-zarobila-euro62-mlrd-vid-prodazhu-gazu-ta-vugilya-krayinam-bilshist-koshtiv-vid-krayin-yes
Maskalevych, Y. (2022, January 17). About the Shortage of Gas and Common Sense. Dzerkalo tyzhnia. Retrieved from https://zn.ua/economic-security/o-defitsite-haza-deneh-i-zdravoho-smysla.html
Matusek, T. (2022). Diversification as the Key to Energy Security. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/uk/komentar-diversifikacia-ak-kluc-do-energeticnoi-bezpeki/a-63481775
Matviishyna, H. (2022). Rating of the Greatest Ukrainians of all Time: a Sociologist Told How the Survey Was Conducted. Retrieved from https://suspilne.media/296244-rejting-najvidatnisih-ukrainciv-usih-casiv-sociolog-rozpoviv-ak-provodili-opituvanna/
Memorandum on not increasing tariffs. (2021). Retrieved from https://president.gov.ua/news/tarifi-ne-zrostatimut-popri-bud-yaki-rinkovi-kolivannya-prez-708861
Mykhailovska, S. (2022). Energy Challenges of Winter - What to Expect for Ukraine and the EU. Retrieved from https://biz.nv.ua/ukr/experts/ataki-rosiji-na-infrastrukturu-chi-bude-elektroenergiya-v-ukrajini-vzimku-ta-do-chogo-gotuvatis-yes-50277994.html
Omelchenko, V. (2022a). Basic Causes of the Energy Crisis in the OZP 2021-2022. Retrieved from https://razumkov.org.ua/uploads/other/20211124.pdf
Omelchenko, V. (2022b). Test for the Survival of Energy Industry of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://razumkov.org.ua/komentari/test-na-vyzhyvannya-energetyky-ukrayiny
Omelchenko, V. (2022c). Attracting Large-Scale Investments in the Reconstruction of the Energy Infrastructure will be Impossible without Overcoming the Discrimination of RES in the Ukrainian Market. Retrieved from https://razumkov.org.ua/komentari/zaluchennia-masshtabnykh-investytsii-v-rekonstruktsiiu-energetychnoi-infrastruktury-bude-nemozhlyvym-bez-podolannia-dyskryminatsii-vde-na-rynku -ukrain
Orel, I. (2022, May 14). Shortage of Gasoline, Collapse of the Energy Market and Stoppage of Transit of Russian Gas. How to Fix all This? Interview of Minister of Energy Herman Galushchenko. Retrieved from https://forbes.ua/inside/defitsit-benzinu-obval-tnergorinku-ta-zupinka
Parable of King Solomon's Ring. (2019). Retrieved from https://pritcha.com.ua/pritcha-persten-carya-solomona/
Pryshchepa, Ya. (2022). European Countries will Allocate at Least 375 Euros to Overcome the Energy Crisis – Bloomberg. Retrieved from https://suspilne.media/279080-evropejski-kraini-vidilat-sonajmense-375-mlrd-na-podolanna-energeticnoi-krizi-bloomberg/
Queues at Gas Stations and Gasoline at 60 Hryvnias: When will the Shortage End. (2022, May 10). Retrieved from https://epravda.com.ua/publications/2022/05/10/686859
Rankin, J., Milman O., & Ni, V. (2021). Global Energy Crisis: How Key Countries Are Responding. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/oct/12/global-energy-crisis-how-key-countries-are-responding
Solonyna, Ye. (2021). The Coal "Pit": How Ukraine will Overcome the Energy Crisis and Why DTEK, Russia and Imports from Belarus are Involved. Retrieved from https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/vugillya-kryza-tes-aes-dtek-bilorus-rossiya-import/31602912.html
The debt of Ukrainians for the "Communal Company" is More than UAH 64 Billion: the Debtor Regions are Named. (2021). Retrieved from https://apnews.com.ua/news/borg-ukrainciv-za-romunalku-stanovit-ponad-64-mlrd-grn-nazvano-regioni-borzhniki/
The energy crisis in Ukraine will lead to a catastrophe – Bohdan. (2021, November 15). Retrieved from https://prm.ua/enerhetychna-kryza-v-ukraini-pryzvede-do-katastrofy-bohdan/
The Ombudsman Told How Many Ukrainians Have Gone Abroad since February 24. (2022). Retrieved from https://www.slovoidilo.ua/2022/12/01/novyna/polityka/ombudsmen-rozpoviv-skilkyukrayincziv-vyyixalo-kordon- 24-lyutoho
Tkachuk, B. (2021). The Price of Gas in Europe Again Breaks Records: it Reached More Than $2,000 per Thousand Cubic Meters. Retrieved from https://hromadske.ua/posts/cina-gazu-u-yevropi-znovu-bye-istorichni-rekordi-syagnula-ponad-dollar2000-za-tisyachu-kubometriv
Tymoshenko Announced a full-scale Energy Crisis in Ukraine. (2021). Retrieved from https://bview/timoshenko-elta.by/world/view/timoshenko-zajavila-o-polnomasshtabnom-energeticheskom-krizise-v-ukraine-465211-2021/
Vedernikova, I. (2021). About Failure in State Administration, War with Oligarchs and Options for Exiting the Provoked Economic and Political Crisis. Dzerkalo tyzhnia, 21, ХІІ. Retrieved from https://zn.ua/ukr/internal/volodimir-hrojsman-mi-tilki-na-starti-krizi.html
Volter, K. (2021, December 15). The Price of Gas in Europe Soared to 1,560 Dollars per Thousand Cubic Meters. Retrieved from https://strana.best/news/367131-tsena-na-haz-v-evrope-vyrosla-do-1560-dollarov-za-tysjachu-kubometrov.html?fbclid=IwAR2keGagO5sJEpnDzInBZnKvvg 15FI0ob7Qi3B_RqOO4hsFGPgq8cMDQlIo
What Problems await Ukraine in the Winter due to the Russian Attack on the Energy System and How They can be Avoided - Atlantic Council Expert. (2022). Retrieved from https://zn.ua/ukr/UKRAINE/atakami-na-enerhetichnu-infrastrukturu-putin-khoche-zamoroziti-ukrajinu-ta-zmusiti-jiji-zdatisja.html
What Problems await Ukraine in the Winter due to the Russian Attack on the Energy System and How They can be Avoided - Atlantic Council Expert. (2022). Retrieved from https://zn.ua/ukr/UKRAINE/atakami-na-enerhetichnu-infrastrukturu-putin-khoche-zamoroziti-ukrajinu-ta-zmusiti-jiji-zdatisja.html
World Energy Consumption Statistics. (2021). Retrieved from yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html
Yvzhenko, T. (2021, October 24). The Opposition in Kyiv Talks about the Energy Crisis in Ukraine. Retrieved from ng.ru/cis/2021-10-24/5_8285_ukraine.html
##submission.downloads##
Опубліковано
2022-12-29
Як цитувати
Кривчик, Г. (2022). Україна в умовах розгортання світової енергетичної кризи на початку 2020-х рр. Науково-теоретичний альманах Грані, 25(6), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.15421/172269
Номер
Розділ
ІСТОРІЯ
