Проблеми міграції в період раннього плейстоцену на Південному Кавказі
Ключові слова:
Південний Кавказ, ранній плейстоцен, міграція, Гуручайська долина, Гуручай-Азихські печери, Дманісі, Гараджа
Анотація
Стаття, що оповідає про проблеми міграції в період раннього плейстоцену на Південному Кавказі, заснована на результатах досліджень за даною темою, наявних на сьогоднішній день. Стаття спирається на дослідження М. М. Гусейнова, М. М. Мансурова, А. Г. Джафарова, А, А. Зейналова, Д. О. Лордкіпанідзе. У статті на підставі археологічних і Палеоантропологічних досліджень розглядається вплив клімату та географічного положення в період раннього плейстоцену на міграцію, заселення ранніми людиноподібними видами ареалу долини річки Гуручай – Азихської печери, палеолітичних стоянок Дманісі і Гараджа.Порівняння віку печери зі знайденими там культурними зразками дає можливість стверджувати, що люди оселилися тут після того, як рівень води знизився, що дозволило проникнути всередину. Отже, люди на прилеглих територіях селилися ще до утворення печери. Досить розвинена техніка обробки виявлених у VII-IX шарах знарядь і завершеність більшості з них вказує на те, що люди, які тут жили, заселили Гуручайську долину задовго до приходу в печеру, створивши стоянки під відкритим небом.Завантаження
Дані завантаження ще не доступні.
Посилання
1. Aleskerov, B.D., Veliev, S.S. Aliev, A.I., et al. (2010). Paleogeografija Azyhskoj paleoliticheskoj stojanki v jeoplejstocene i plejstocene [The Paleogeography of the Azikh Paleolithic Site in the Eopleistocene and Pleistocene]. Karabah v kamennom veke – Karabakh in the Stone Age: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the Azikh Paleolithic Cave Park in Azerbaijan. (pp. 12-19). Baku: Tekhnur [in Russian].
2. Amirkhanov, H.A. (2013 ). Orudija-gigantolity v industrii Oldovana Dagestana [Giantholite tools in the industry of Olduvan of Dagestan]. RA, 3, 5-12 [in Russian].
3. Arheologija Azerbajdzhana [Archeology of Azerbaijan] (2008). (Vols. 1-6). Baku: Sharg-Garb [in Russian].
4. Burchak-Abramovich, N.O., & Gabashvili, Ye.G. (1950). Nahodka iskopaemoj vysshej chelovekoobraznoj obez’jany v predelah Gruzii [The discovery of the fossil of the higher anthropoid ape within Georgia]. Nature, 9, 70-72 [in Russian].
5. Vekua, A.K., Lortkipanidze, D.O., & Bukhsianiadze, M.G. (2011). Dmanisi – drevnejshee v Evrazii mestonahozhdenie iskopaemyh gominidov [Dmanisi is the most ancient site of Eurasian fossil hominids]. AK, 4, 16-27 [in Russian].
6. Veliev, S.S., Aleskerov, B.D., & Tagieva, E. N. (2010). O vozraste Azyhskoj stojanki i klimaticheskih faktorah migracii na Kavkaz drevnejshih ljudej [On the age of the Azikh camp and the climatic factors of the migration of the most ancient people to the Caucasus]. Karabah v kamennom veke – Karabakh in the Stone Age: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the Azikh Paleolithic Cave Park in Azerbaijan. Baku: Tek Nur, 46-62 [in Russian].
7. Veliev, S.S., & Mansurov, M.M. (1999). K voprosu o vozraste drevnejshih kul’turnyh sloev Azyhskoj peshhernoj stojanki [On the issue of the age of the oldest cultural layers of the Azikh cave dock]. Doc. ANA, 55 (3-4), 222-226 [in Russian].
8. Guseinov, M.M. (1985). Drevnij paleolit Azerbajdzhana [Ancient Paleolithic of Azerbaijan]. Baku: Elm, 96 [in Russian].
9. Guseinov, M.M. (2010). Drevnij paleolit Azerbajdzhana [Ancient Paleolithic of Azerbaijan]. Baku: Tek Nur, 202 [in Russian].
10. Guseinov, M.M. (1976). Novye arheologicheskie otkrytija apsheronskogo vozrasta v nizhnih slojah peshhery Azyh [New archaeological discoveries of Apsheron age in the lower layers of the cave Azykh]. Moscow: Nauka, 500 [in Russian].
11. Guseinov, M.M. (1979). Rannie stadii zaselenija cheloveka v peshhere Azyh [Early stages of settling a man in a cave Azykh]. Uchenyi zapiski ASU im SM. Kirova. History and philosophy, 4, 70-72 [in Russian].
12. Guseinov, M.M. (1973). Rannij kamennyj vek [Early Stone Age]. Baku: Ganjlik [in Russian].
13. Japaridze, V.V. (1978). Raskopki v Dmanisi [Excavations in Dmanisi]. Moscow: Nauka, 482-483 [in Russian].
14. Jafarov, A.K. (2010). Paleoliticheskie stoyanki Garabaha [Paleolithic sites of Garabagh]. Karabah v kamennom veke – Karabakh in the Stone Age: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the Azikh Paleolithic Cave Park in Azerbaijan. Baku: Tek Nur, 99-126 [in Russian].
15. Drevyanko, A.V., Amirkhanov, Kh.A., & Zenin, V.N. et al. (2012). Problemy paleolita Dagestana [Problems of the Paleolithic of Dagestan]. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAE SB RAS [in Russian].
16. Zeynalov, A.A. (2013). Doistoricheskij Azerbajdzhan kak chast’ prostranstva antropogeneza [Prehistoric Azerbaijan as part of the anthropogenesis space]. Arheologija i Jetnografija Azerbajdzhana v period nezavisimosti – Archeology and Ethnography of Azerbaijan in the period of independence: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the creation of the Institute. Baku: Khazar University, 29-30 [in Russian].
17. Zeynalov, A.A., Babai, P.G., & Avsharova, I.N. (2014). Arheologicheskie raskopki na paleoliticheskoj stojanke Garadzha [Archaeological excavations at the Garadja Paleolithic Site]. Proceedings of the scientific session devoted to the results of field archaeological and ethnographic research conducted in Azerbaijan in 2013. Baku, 11-12 [in Russian].
18. Zeynalov, A.A., Kulakov, S.A., & Idrisov, I.A. et al. (2014). Rannepaleoliticheskie mestonahozhdenija v apsheronskih otlozhenijah Azerbajdzhana [Early Paleolithic Locations in Apsheron Deposits of Azerbaijan]. Archaeological Bulletin, 20, 31-42 [in Russian].
19. Zeynalov, A.A., Kulakov, S.A., & Idrisov, I.A. (2015). Novye paleoliticheskie pamjatniki, obnaruzhennye v okrestnostjah Mingechevirskogo vodohranilishha [New Paleolithic monuments discovered in the vicinity of the Mingechevir Reservoir]. AAT – 2013-2014. Baku: Khazar University, 36-41 [in Russian].
20. Mamedov, Ya.V. (2016). O provodimyh po iniciative pravitel’stva Armenii nezakonnyh «mezhdunarodnyh» arheologicheskih raskopkah [About illegal «international» archaeological excavations conducted at the initiative of the Armenian government]. Proceedings of the international forum «Processes of integrating world science in the XXI century», Ganja, 372-374 [in Russian].
21. Mamedov, Ya.V. (2014). Pervobytnaja stojanka cheloveka v Dmanisi [Primitive parking of a person in Dmanisi]. AA, 17 (1), 9-18 [in Russian].
22. Mansurov, M.M. (1997). Pojavlenie nukleusnyh oskolkov v paleolite, periodizacija ih izmenenij [The appearance of nucleus fragments in the Paleolithic, the periodization of their changes]. TOR. Baku, 111-115 [in Russian].
23. Nioradze, M.G., & Nioradze, G.N. (2011). Rannepaleoliticheskaja stojanka Dmanisi i ee Kamennaja industrija [The Early Paleolithic Site of Dmanisi and its Stone Industry]. AK, 4, 103-148 [in Russian].
24. Bernard, W. (2013). Did it mean early homo migrate «out of» or «in to» Africa? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (26), 10375-10376.
25. Casanovas-Vilar, I., Alba, D., & Garces, M. et al. (2011). Updated chronology for the Miocene hominoid radiation in Western Eurasia. PNAS, 108 (14), 5554-5559.
26. Evolutionary Back Story: Thoroughly modern spine supported human ancestor. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20060506/fob2.asp
27. Fernández-Jalvo, Y., King, T., & Andrews, P. et al. (2010). The Azokh Cave complex: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene human occupation in the Caucasus. JHE, 58, 103-109.
28. Ferring, R., Oms, O., & Agust, J. et al. (2011). Earliest human occupations at Dmanisi (Georgian Caucasus) dated to 1.85-1.78 Ma. PNAS, 108, 10432-10436.
29. Gabunia, L., & Vekua, A. (1995). A Plio-Pleistocene hominid from Dmanisi, East Georgia, Caucasus. Nature, 373, 509-512.
30. Gabunia, L., Vekua, A., & Lordkipanidze, D. et al. (2000). Early Pleistocene Hominid Cranial Remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia: Taxonomy, Geological Setting and Age. Science, 288, 1019-1025.
31. History of discovery. Retrieved from: http://www.dmanisi.ge/page?id=1&lang=en
32. Paola, V. (1983). Terra Amata and the Middle Pleistocene archaeological record of southern France. Berkeley: University of California Press
33. Schrenk, F., Kullmer, O., & Bromage, T. (2007). The Earliest Putative Homo Fossils. In Handbook of Paleoanthropology. In collaboration with Thorolf Hardt.(pp. 1611-1631). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
34. Vekua, A., Lordkipanidze, D., & Rightmire et al. (2005). The first edentulous hominin skull. Nature, 434, 717-718.
2. Amirkhanov, H.A. (2013 ). Orudija-gigantolity v industrii Oldovana Dagestana [Giantholite tools in the industry of Olduvan of Dagestan]. RA, 3, 5-12 [in Russian].
3. Arheologija Azerbajdzhana [Archeology of Azerbaijan] (2008). (Vols. 1-6). Baku: Sharg-Garb [in Russian].
4. Burchak-Abramovich, N.O., & Gabashvili, Ye.G. (1950). Nahodka iskopaemoj vysshej chelovekoobraznoj obez’jany v predelah Gruzii [The discovery of the fossil of the higher anthropoid ape within Georgia]. Nature, 9, 70-72 [in Russian].
5. Vekua, A.K., Lortkipanidze, D.O., & Bukhsianiadze, M.G. (2011). Dmanisi – drevnejshee v Evrazii mestonahozhdenie iskopaemyh gominidov [Dmanisi is the most ancient site of Eurasian fossil hominids]. AK, 4, 16-27 [in Russian].
6. Veliev, S.S., Aleskerov, B.D., & Tagieva, E. N. (2010). O vozraste Azyhskoj stojanki i klimaticheskih faktorah migracii na Kavkaz drevnejshih ljudej [On the age of the Azikh camp and the climatic factors of the migration of the most ancient people to the Caucasus]. Karabah v kamennom veke – Karabakh in the Stone Age: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the Azikh Paleolithic Cave Park in Azerbaijan. Baku: Tek Nur, 46-62 [in Russian].
7. Veliev, S.S., & Mansurov, M.M. (1999). K voprosu o vozraste drevnejshih kul’turnyh sloev Azyhskoj peshhernoj stojanki [On the issue of the age of the oldest cultural layers of the Azikh cave dock]. Doc. ANA, 55 (3-4), 222-226 [in Russian].
8. Guseinov, M.M. (1985). Drevnij paleolit Azerbajdzhana [Ancient Paleolithic of Azerbaijan]. Baku: Elm, 96 [in Russian].
9. Guseinov, M.M. (2010). Drevnij paleolit Azerbajdzhana [Ancient Paleolithic of Azerbaijan]. Baku: Tek Nur, 202 [in Russian].
10. Guseinov, M.M. (1976). Novye arheologicheskie otkrytija apsheronskogo vozrasta v nizhnih slojah peshhery Azyh [New archaeological discoveries of Apsheron age in the lower layers of the cave Azykh]. Moscow: Nauka, 500 [in Russian].
11. Guseinov, M.M. (1979). Rannie stadii zaselenija cheloveka v peshhere Azyh [Early stages of settling a man in a cave Azykh]. Uchenyi zapiski ASU im SM. Kirova. History and philosophy, 4, 70-72 [in Russian].
12. Guseinov, M.M. (1973). Rannij kamennyj vek [Early Stone Age]. Baku: Ganjlik [in Russian].
13. Japaridze, V.V. (1978). Raskopki v Dmanisi [Excavations in Dmanisi]. Moscow: Nauka, 482-483 [in Russian].
14. Jafarov, A.K. (2010). Paleoliticheskie stoyanki Garabaha [Paleolithic sites of Garabagh]. Karabah v kamennom veke – Karabakh in the Stone Age: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the Azikh Paleolithic Cave Park in Azerbaijan. Baku: Tek Nur, 99-126 [in Russian].
15. Drevyanko, A.V., Amirkhanov, Kh.A., & Zenin, V.N. et al. (2012). Problemy paleolita Dagestana [Problems of the Paleolithic of Dagestan]. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAE SB RAS [in Russian].
16. Zeynalov, A.A. (2013). Doistoricheskij Azerbajdzhan kak chast’ prostranstva antropogeneza [Prehistoric Azerbaijan as part of the anthropogenesis space]. Arheologija i Jetnografija Azerbajdzhana v period nezavisimosti – Archeology and Ethnography of Azerbaijan in the period of independence: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the creation of the Institute. Baku: Khazar University, 29-30 [in Russian].
17. Zeynalov, A.A., Babai, P.G., & Avsharova, I.N. (2014). Arheologicheskie raskopki na paleoliticheskoj stojanke Garadzha [Archaeological excavations at the Garadja Paleolithic Site]. Proceedings of the scientific session devoted to the results of field archaeological and ethnographic research conducted in Azerbaijan in 2013. Baku, 11-12 [in Russian].
18. Zeynalov, A.A., Kulakov, S.A., & Idrisov, I.A. et al. (2014). Rannepaleoliticheskie mestonahozhdenija v apsheronskih otlozhenijah Azerbajdzhana [Early Paleolithic Locations in Apsheron Deposits of Azerbaijan]. Archaeological Bulletin, 20, 31-42 [in Russian].
19. Zeynalov, A.A., Kulakov, S.A., & Idrisov, I.A. (2015). Novye paleoliticheskie pamjatniki, obnaruzhennye v okrestnostjah Mingechevirskogo vodohranilishha [New Paleolithic monuments discovered in the vicinity of the Mingechevir Reservoir]. AAT – 2013-2014. Baku: Khazar University, 36-41 [in Russian].
20. Mamedov, Ya.V. (2016). O provodimyh po iniciative pravitel’stva Armenii nezakonnyh «mezhdunarodnyh» arheologicheskih raskopkah [About illegal «international» archaeological excavations conducted at the initiative of the Armenian government]. Proceedings of the international forum «Processes of integrating world science in the XXI century», Ganja, 372-374 [in Russian].
21. Mamedov, Ya.V. (2014). Pervobytnaja stojanka cheloveka v Dmanisi [Primitive parking of a person in Dmanisi]. AA, 17 (1), 9-18 [in Russian].
22. Mansurov, M.M. (1997). Pojavlenie nukleusnyh oskolkov v paleolite, periodizacija ih izmenenij [The appearance of nucleus fragments in the Paleolithic, the periodization of their changes]. TOR. Baku, 111-115 [in Russian].
23. Nioradze, M.G., & Nioradze, G.N. (2011). Rannepaleoliticheskaja stojanka Dmanisi i ee Kamennaja industrija [The Early Paleolithic Site of Dmanisi and its Stone Industry]. AK, 4, 103-148 [in Russian].
24. Bernard, W. (2013). Did it mean early homo migrate «out of» or «in to» Africa? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (26), 10375-10376.
25. Casanovas-Vilar, I., Alba, D., & Garces, M. et al. (2011). Updated chronology for the Miocene hominoid radiation in Western Eurasia. PNAS, 108 (14), 5554-5559.
26. Evolutionary Back Story: Thoroughly modern spine supported human ancestor. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20060506/fob2.asp
27. Fernández-Jalvo, Y., King, T., & Andrews, P. et al. (2010). The Azokh Cave complex: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene human occupation in the Caucasus. JHE, 58, 103-109.
28. Ferring, R., Oms, O., & Agust, J. et al. (2011). Earliest human occupations at Dmanisi (Georgian Caucasus) dated to 1.85-1.78 Ma. PNAS, 108, 10432-10436.
29. Gabunia, L., & Vekua, A. (1995). A Plio-Pleistocene hominid from Dmanisi, East Georgia, Caucasus. Nature, 373, 509-512.
30. Gabunia, L., Vekua, A., & Lordkipanidze, D. et al. (2000). Early Pleistocene Hominid Cranial Remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia: Taxonomy, Geological Setting and Age. Science, 288, 1019-1025.
31. History of discovery. Retrieved from: http://www.dmanisi.ge/page?id=1&lang=en
32. Paola, V. (1983). Terra Amata and the Middle Pleistocene archaeological record of southern France. Berkeley: University of California Press
33. Schrenk, F., Kullmer, O., & Bromage, T. (2007). The Earliest Putative Homo Fossils. In Handbook of Paleoanthropology. In collaboration with Thorolf Hardt.(pp. 1611-1631). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
34. Vekua, A., Lordkipanidze, D., & Rightmire et al. (2005). The first edentulous hominin skull. Nature, 434, 717-718.
Опубліковано
2018-04-09
Як цитувати
Mammadov, Y. (2018). Проблеми міграції в період раннього плейстоцену на Південному Кавказі. Науково-теоретичний альманах Грані, 21(2), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.15421/171822
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